In music production, a limiter is a type of dynamic range compressor used to control the maximum level of a signal and prevent it from exceeding a certain threshold. A limiter works by reducing the level of a signal when it reaches a certain point, thereby limiting the maximum amplitude of the signal.

The primary function of a limiter is to prevent signal clipping, which can occur when the level of a signal exceeds the maximum level that a system can handle. Clipping can result in distortion and other undesirable artifacts, which can degrade the quality of the final mix.

A limiter typically has a fixed ratio, which means that it will reduce the level of a signal by a certain amount once it reaches a certain threshold. For example, a limiter with a 4:1 ratio will reduce the level of a signal by 4 dB for every 1 dB that it exceeds the threshold.

Limiter settings are typically adjusted to achieve a specific level of loudness and to maintain the overall dynamic range of a mix. When used correctly, a limiter can help create a more polished and professional-sounding mix by preventing signal clipping and controlling the overall level of the mix. However, overuse of a limiter can result in a loss of dynamics and a “squashed” sound, so it’s important to use it judiciously and in conjunction with other mixing and mastering techniques.